This document delves into ecosystem services challenges and opportunities. The ESPON LAKES project explores development opportunities and challenges around large lakes in Europe, and policies at different levels that effectively help addressing them. Particularly, ESPON explored territorial challenges, governance frameworks and integrated development options in three lakes regions, but also in nine additional ones (Fertö-Neusiedl, Peipus, Päijänne, Lake Geneva, Maggiore, Mjøsa, Prespa, Lough Neagh, Étang de Berre). It first analysed multi-level govern-ance frameworks of large lake regions with a cross-cutting European perspective, covering all case study regions. Second, it collected quantitative (statistical, geospatial) and qualitative data for the stakeholder regions. These data were then used as the basis for a participatory process to develop “future options”. Findings from all these activities made it possible to a “framework concept”, i.e. a tool designed to help policy makers of large lake regions support integrated development and promote large lake regions. It highlights innovative strategies, case studies, and actionable steps to address pressing environmental and sustainability issues. This document is a valuable resource for stakeholders seeking to understand and implement solutions in ecosystem services contexts.